Enterprise entrepreneurial management Assignment

Enterprise entrepreneurial management - Assignment Example The business planning process – a critical appraisal The typical business planning process may be actually helpful as it aims to convey objectives and missions of the organization to its employees. But, there are several researchers who argue that the entrepreneur should rely on his experience and intuitions rather than waste time on the business planning process. This is because researchers argue that planning may not be successful in the uncertain conditions surrounding the formation of business (Delmar & Shane 2003). Moreover, each component of the business planning process has its own setbacks. Let us analyze each component and find out in what way a business plan can pose as a hindrance. Generating an idea The basic step of a business planning process is to generate an idea. A new venture has to first ascertain the product or the service which it will provide. Most organizations come out with new ideas for a product or a service depending on the data collected from potent ial and current customers. This kind of customer focused process is solely dependent on the information given by customers. However the response given by these people has limitation with reference to the environment and current experience. Hence there may be a discrepancy in the idea generated (Lilien et al. 2002). This may pose as a severe hindrance for the business plan. Moreover, there are other constraints like generation of funds for the new venture. Many business plans may never be formulated due to limitations in the form of competition, technology, lack of funds etc. Strategic goals and objectives The second step in a business plan is to formulate the strategies or tactics which are to be used in order to attain goals and objectives. Strategies may be short term and long term. These are plans which must be followed in order to attain final objectives. However, the very purpose of strategic planning is defeated in today’s changing environment. Due to the uncertainties in market conditions, entrepreneurs may be more successful if they go by their intuitions and experience, rather than going by previously formulated strategic objectives (Mintzberg 1994). Another problem which is ensued in setting objectives is that most plans are formulated outside the business planning process. Also entrepreneurs need to set realistic and achievable goals. It may be very easy to set strategic objectives but very difficult to implement these objectives to the middle and lower management. Most entrepreneurs do not give attention to the fact that the pre determined goals they are setting may be rigid, extremely rational, bureaucratic and dysfunctional at times. Hence, the formulation of potential strategic objectives may not hold true during the implementation process (Shrader, Taylor & Dalton 1984). This is one reason why the strategic objectives should be flexible and top executives need to change it depending on the changing market situations. Market research and analysis The third step in a business plan is to formulate a market plan which takes into account the market promotion and advertisement

Consumer Behaviour (Conduct a literature review on the topic of Essay

Consumer Behaviour (Conduct a literature review on the topic of consumption meaning) - Essay Example Needs can only be identified and prioritized if we apprehend how consumers give meanings to those needs. This document analyzes the meaning that consumers give to consumption by examining various academic literatures. Consumers have a personal domain of knowledge which is nurtured and affected by their native habitat, social environment and culture. Their buying behavior is based on the intuitive knowledge that they possess in their personal repository. This knowledge gives them meaning and value. They ascribe these meanings to marketed products, services, images, ideas and experiences and behave on the basis of these meanings (Arnould, Price & Zinkhan 2004). Meaning can be defined as the extent to which a consumer holds something highly regarded and places a high value on it (Hirschman 1991). To have a better understanding of the term consumption meaning let us turn to semiotics, a branch of cultural anthropology focused on study of signs. A sign is anything that stands for something else (Arnould, Price & Zinkhan 2004). The sign can be communicated through a corporate logo or a brand symbol. â€Å"A brand is a sign for the field of meanings consumers integrate into their personal space to enhance, complement or transform themselves and their world† (Oswald 2003). For instance, a logo of â€Å"Nike† or the brand â€Å"Sony† represents as a sign to the consumers. Consumers perceive these products based on their own experience and are brands or products are given different meanings by different consumers. Semiotics is a three part system and it’s also called as semiotic triangle. It involves a sign, object and an interpretant. For example, Toyota a renowned automobile company would be the object, its logo or brand name would be the sign and â₠¬Å"reliable†, â€Å"comfortable† and â€Å"long lasting† will be the interpretation regarding the brand â€Å"Toyota† made by different consumers. Each semiotic triangle exists within a particular cultural context

The Philippine Currency Evolution Essay Example for Free

The Philippine Currency Evolution Essay During the Spanish occupation, when they came here in the Philippines in 1521 they brought with them the first European coin called teston. Also it is the first silver coin. When the Galleon trade exercised the earliest coins during the Spanish colonization was the Macuqinas or the cobs. It has a irregular, oddly-shaped coins stamped with a cross on the other side side and a royal coat of armson the other. These coins circulated over 183 years from 1585 to 1768. During the reign of King Philip the fifth of Spain the first rounded machine struck coins with milted edges appeared. These coins called the Dos Mundos or Columnarias. It is one of the most beautiful coin ever produce. It came the time of the coins ? Barillas ¶, the first copper coins to be minted in thePhilippines and after how many colonizers came to our country currency changes. Coins from other Spanish colonies also reached the Philippines and were counter stamped. Gold coins with the portrait of Queen Isabela were minted in Manila. Silver pesos with the profile of young Alfonso XIII were the last coins minted in Spain. The pesos fuertes, issued by the country’s first bank, the El Banco Espanol Filipino de Isabel II, were the first paper money circulated in the country. 898-1899 Asserting its independence, the Philippine Republic of 1898 under General Emilio Aguinaldo issued its own coins and paper currency backed by the country’s natural resources. One peso and five peso notes printed as Republika Filipina Papel Moneda de Un Peso and Cinco Pesos were freely circulated. 2 centimos de peso copper were also issued in 1899. 1900-19 41 The Americans instituted a monetary system for the Philippine based on gold and pegged the Philippine peso to the American dollar at the ratio of 2:1. The new design series of banknotes issued in 1985 replaced the ABL series. Ten years later, a new set of coins and notes were issued carrying the logo of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. As the repository and custodian of country’s numismatic heritage, the Museo ng Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas collects, studies and preserves coins, paper notes, medals, artifacts and monetary items found in the Philippines during the different historical periods. It features a visual narration of the development of the Philippine economy parallel to the evolution of its currency.

A Comparison of Tom Regan and Stephen Rose

A Comparison of Tom Regan and Stephen Rose Brianna Still People often use animals for a lot of experiments even though most people think that is it wrong. People make up countless excuses to why its okay to do this. But it is not okay. Animal researchers and such agree with my opinion that using animals for tests that we as humans would never want to do, is bad and very hypocritical, yet unfortunately there are just as many scientists who say that it is completely fine and that there isnt really much harm brought to the animals. Mind you, these scientists have apparently never owned a beloved pet close to their heart. The two essays, Animal Rights, Human Wrongs by Tom Regan and Proud to be Speciesist by Stephen Rose, talk about the issue of animal rights, but are written on completely opposing sides. They both talk about animals that are used for human benefits but in two completely different ways. Regans essay is much wider in my opinion. Roses essay looks at a detailed and personal view in this subject matter. Regans argument is that ani mal usage should be stopped because animal experiments for humans is not justified. But, Rose challenges Regans idea saying that the safety of mankind is more important than the rights that we would like animals to have. He says that using animals for research is perfectly fine. Regan is better at explaining the subject and has more credibility with actual examples to give a whole image of the subject matter. Rose doesnt do so good because his material is only built from science and research. Regan just appears more logical and fair on the issue matter. According to Regan animals have ethical rights, so he states that he thinks that they should be treated with respect by sane humans. He talks about how a mans description about the whaling process to show how few rational humans killed a whale for their ravenousness (336). Regan happens to be a philosophy instructor, therefore the arguments and viewpoints that he makes are more trustworthy. For a long time, hes been quarreling for the rights of animals, thus his statements are supported with very sturdy reasoning and they are sourced from all types of fields from things like people, knowledge and science. He states that butchering animals for pleasure, luxury and experiments is not at all right or vindicated, so it shouldnt be practiced. Regan claims that if it cannot be justified, then it shouldnt be done. Of course most people and organizations that do these type of things cannot come up with a moral enough reason as to why what there doing is actually justifiable, hence he probes them to stop using these creatures unless they can deliver a fitting justification. On the opposing side, Rose discusses the prominence (and therefore, importunateness) of animals when it comes to research and exploration for the physical wellbeing and survival of people. He quotes Alzheimers as an example (342) from his own particular experience to illuminate the role that animals play in human research to find treatments for it. Roses arguments about animals rank in research are undisputable because these claims are backed up completely by logic and science. Rose, himself is a biology instructor and a researcher on the side, so his arguments are very much reliable, usable and logical. He says, The first statement is plain wrong; the second, the claim that animal have rights, is sheer cant (342, 343). Moreover, he speaks about speciesism and states that animal activists are speciesists too; they just prefer animals to humans. Though his arguments are solid, his credibility is weakened because his aims and examples are only from science. Also, his biasedness can be taken into consideration, because he is a researcher, not an activist. He doesnt care as much about the moral rights. Even though the practice of these beasts in research is essential, his opinions and arguments are weak because of the narrow space of his research. Regan has carried on about how science constantly ignores animals rights. He declares that the research on animals are just not justified sufficiently, and he thinks that using animals for our welfares is ridiculous. Regan talked about a rabbit in stock (337) to show how a rabbit is put through many pains just to find out the feasibility of cosmetics and such on people. Yet this example of the rabbit supports his idea, it doesnt shield the entire idea of research. Some researches about deadly diseases are unavoidable because they are vital to the survival of human life. Regans argument is still weak since he isnt able to describe exactly why this research cant be avoided. In total, Regan sounds pretty convincing, and his philosophies are pretty much effective regardless of occasional drawbacks. Rose clarifies how scientists have been able to find cures for things like Epilepsy, Parkinsons, diabetes, and such (343), and he talks about how fundamental animals are in that research. He says, How far the concept of right can be extended-to not swatting a mosquito that is sucking your blood? To prevent your cat from hunting and killing a rat? Does an ant have as many rights as a gorilla? (343). Rose additionally indicates that some species of are more privileged than others if that species is more important than the other one. He talks about the rights of animals being only relative, meaning that if animals are in a greater proximity with human than they have more rights and vice versa; if we are in more proximity than we are the ones with more rights. He feels that activists of animal are Speciesist themselves, so he its not wrong if its vice versa as anti-activists are speciesist too. He says, Just because we are humans, any discussion of rights must begin with human rights. (3 43). Rose is proud to be a speciesist in favor of humans since he thinks we should privilege humans over animals and he, himself is a human. Roses urgings and examples are pretty convincing and full of facts, but they keep being weakened by doubt about his limitation. Roses reasoning and good logic can also be flawed by arguments that are from every other field except actual science. Hence, Roses idea gives room for some doubt although his reasoning, facts and ideas about the research are very waterproof. Regans tactic for the topic is fair. He started somewhat aggressive, but then considerate and lastly suggestive. He says, Possibly the rights of animals must sometimes give a way to human interests (339). He knows that usage of animals for the happiness of humans, from time to time, cannot be completely rejected, but all he asks for is a legit, logical reason. He states that all cruel things done to animals should be justifiable, otherwise they shouldnt even be considered valid. Then, he suggests a relative approach of how a deed can be justified with an example of racism and sexism (339). He asked people to reduce animal use as much as they possibly can, and justify it every time they kill an animal. His hint of relative approach pleases the readers conscience and is able to leave an impact on readers mind. Rose, conversely, says that there are not any rights that are not as privileged as humans. His awareness of our human rights alongside animal rights calls the integrity of the readers. He mentions that animal activists are speciesist too, so we too can be speciesist of humans. Rose says that animal activists are the kind of people who take medicine for Parkinsons disease, for example, or insulin for their diabetes, and such although they know that those drugs or treatments were experimented on animals. Roses reasons are faultless, but overlooks that it is a normal human behavior to aid an illness with prescriptions and medicine. Any rational thinking being would do anything for the certainty of their survival, so his argument can be questioned if you put it in that light. Rose talks about Declaration of Animals in Medical Research (344) that is only signed by specialists and doctors, and not by other fields of people. Thats why, while Roses opinions about speciesism in favor of human s are reasonable, sound and considerable, his notions are weak because he is so narrow and bias. Regan effectively presented his notions, reinforced by legit factual evidence, lecturing all likely parts, whereas Rose built his thoughts on facts and examples solely from research and science and that made him that much less credible and it made his arguments narrow. Roses statements and ideas can be effortlessly weakened rather than Regans arguments, because there are definitely potential doubts about his biasedness, and also his arguments are just really narrow. Though Rose made some very solid points in his essay, he could have been a lot more effective, and Regans essay contains just about everything and talks about the obvious wrongs that the rest of us cannot and should not ignore. Works Cited Regan, Tom. Animal Rights Human Wrongs: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2003. Rose, Stephen. Proud To be A Speciesist.

The Negative Side of Affirmative Action :: Essays Papers

The Negative Side of Affirmative Action Affirmative Action†¦Is it positive or negative? â€Å"Remembering the Negative Side of Affirmative Action,† a reflection of the graduate college life and experience of Lisa Chavez, a Mexican American, is a strong article of the negative aspects of affirmative action. Published in the Chronicle of Higher Education in 2002, the article provides a somewhat modern approach or view to the controversial issue. Chavez’s article addresses her own personal experience of teaching a class filled with affirmative actions students, brought in from previous- offender’s programs. She provides details of the situations that she was placed in, and their effect of her teaching at that time and in the future. This article is a valuable example of a negative view on affirmative action. This article is very persuasive thanks in part to all of the direct evidence she provides. Chavez discusses her job offer to teach a college level English class to some immigrant and previous offenders that came from the local jail. I thought that affirmative action would extend a helping hand to those who might otherwise learn about available opportunities†¦I learned however, that affirmative action could be a double-edged sword, even though its intended beneficiaries.(1) This example gives the framework for the argument she is trying to present. The majority of these students were unwilling to learn and resulted in using negative gestures toward Chavez in order to â€Å"strict up a rise† with the other students. They took every chance to embarrass me, and I soon found out that open-ended writing assignments usually turned into fantasies of what they would like to do to me if they could get me alone sometime. (1) Chavez also explains the repercussions that the university was willing to hand down. The university was unwilling to discipline the students; they merely told Chavez to handle the problem herself. This left Chavez with no place to turn and limited ideas. Later Chavez tried to incorporate the student’s ethnic background with the lesson being taught. This leads to Chavez receiving threatening phone calls, and damages to her personal property. This evidence provides a more believable thought for the author’s argument. By using Pathos, or emotions, she appeals to her audience. By looking for sympathy, caused by all the bad events that had taken place, Chavez is able to grab the heartstrings of her audience.

Essays --

The Evolution of Warrantless Searches With Alcohol, Blood, And DNA With the creation of the First Congress, framers manifested the Fourth Amendment to provide sufficient privacy standards for the citizens of the United States of America. Framers upheld the 4th Amendment to sustain a functioning government-governed relationship, where officials respect individuals’ privacy and rights. During the First Congress, framers explicitly granted, â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† to the citizens. Moreover, courts have delineated two major clauses from the primary text of the Amendment. The first clause essentially protects the privacy of an individual to be safe in person. The immediate second clause introduces a circumstance which warrants are non-essential. Furthermore, both the expectation of privacy and certain circumstances to preserve government interests have collectively emerged from the two clauses. Consequently throughout court cases in the U.S, the protections of the Fourth Amendment have resulted in disagreement explicitly concerning searches violating a person’s privacy and reasonable searches for where no warrants are required. Recently, blood and DNA extractions embody an indispensable role in modern law enforcement. The advent of blood, DNA, and other technologies are now the most significant scientific advancements in the modern era. Since the first use of forensic DNA identification in 1986, DNA’s role in ... ...forcement has utilized blood and DNA tests to exonerate suspects convicted of crimes and guide officials to convict other suspects. Furthermore, in effect of the Supreme Court cases, blood and DNA tests now promote a superior justice system more effectively and efficiently. The recent cases, which have provided many exigent circumstances where warrants are not essential for a search, have developed excelling tactics and procedures to ensure the integrity of modern law enforcement. After these cases, lower courts and law enforcement teams are now able to act quicker and responsively to enforce governmental interests. In conclusion, the trials Samson v. California, Missouri v. McNeely, and Maryland v. King have established clear boundaries for 4th Amendment and they have facilitated the advancement of efficient and applicative technology in modern law enforcement.

Economic Basics Essay

1. Describe two examples of important things that financial planning skills can help you do, and explain why these things are important to you personally. (4-6 sentences. 2.0 points) Financial planning skills can help you acquire more in term of finance and can also help you secure what you have. When you have skill to plan, you are aware of how to manage your account hence adding on your profit. Securing what you have is important as it ensures that you do not go broke or lose everything. It’s immensely important because I want to be financially successful in my future. 2. List two examples of goods you have purchased in the past or may purchase in the future. (Complete sentences are not necessary. 0.5 points) Snacks from the store, clothes from shops 3. Imagine that you are considering moving to a new country and looking for a job there, but you first want to make sure the country has a strong economy. Describe at least three economic factors that you would want to research as evidence of the economy’s strength or weakness, and explain how each factor would affect your decision to move there. (4-6 sentences. 3.0 points) I would look at the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). And what has the unemployment rate been over the last 20 years? Is the economy strong enough to absorb foreigners? Since you would be a foreigner in this country, you need to make sure you’ve got a good chance getting a job etc. 4. In capitalism, most businesses have a profit motive. Describe at least one reason that businesses with a profit motive may be helpful for society and at least one reason that they may be harmful for society. Then, explain whether you think profit motive is a good thing or a bad thing for society. (4-7 sentences. 2.0 points) One reason profit motives are helpful, is because they get the business the money it needs. Also helps pay employees and such. One reason why it could be harmful is because it’s all money driven. They’re taking money away from people who need it. In my personal opinion, I have a neutral feeling towards profit motive. 5. Imagine that you are buying a new computer and comparing different brands and prices. Describe at least two nonprice competition factors you might consider when making your decision. (2-4 sentences. 2.0 points) There are a bunch of things you should consider like whether or not the brand or style of  computer is reliable and fast. You might have to compromise because one might have â€Å"x† features you like while the other has â€Å"y† features you like. 6. Describe a product, and then give an example of a time when the demand for this product might be high and the demand for this product might be low. (2-4 sentences. 2.0 points) Sweaters, for example, would be at a higher demand rate when it gets cold out. There aren’t too many people who want to wear sweaters in the summertime so demand for them is going to be much lower in the summer.