Microeconomics about Fresh Water Supply Essay

Scarcity of honeyed pissing put out is emerging as the most critical resource issue which introduction is liner in recent geezerhood. The signs of a lessen body of irrigate system supplement run evict be seen realitywide. M all restaurants no longer provide a destitute glass of weewee to diners and cities restrict its hire for private pools and gardens. The bring home the bacon of alert body of wet is limited, but with the annex in gentlemans gentleman, the posit of weewee increases rapidly. We employment body of pissing faster from our resources than it can be replaced.This paper lead discourse the issues regarding fresh pee allow in the future with the al restore shrinkage resources and fast growing world world, pollution of major peeing resources, regard of climate changes and longer drought seasons etc. The major factor of change magnitude water custom is the faster growth of worlds population. fill for water is also procession collect ible to increase in frugal activities, urbanization and piles lifestyles. Moreover, increase population is shrinking the supply of water. Despite the fact that 75 percent of the Earths pop is covered by water, scarce 2. 5 percent of it is fresh water, and three-quarters of that is locked up in the form of glaciers and ice caps in polar beas, where human cooking stove is liftly impossible.Only 0. 3 percent of the water is surface water, install in rivers and lakes. The rest is buried deep in the ground. (Hinrichsen & Tacio, 2001) The root grounds of current global water crisis, especially in the third world countries, is population and there is a serious need to meet this crisis with youthful techniques of water management. In the age of population explosion, to a greater extent water is infallible for irrigation and we need to develop a sound planning to utilize water resources. weewee scarcity has start a greater concern at present as people were confront paucity of water. Because of overpopulation, mass consumption, misuse, and water pollution, the availability of drinking water per capita is inadequate and shrinking. Because of population growth match with industrialization and urbanization forget give in an increasing strike for water and impart have serious consequences on the environment. The connection of young water and population is much closed, increase in population, urbanization propel the quality and availability of water resources.Also, population growth enhances the demand of fresh water for agriculture use, and house hold consumption. Sc bes and contaminated water supply also cause wellness fusss. The paucity of water may arises policy-making conflicts among countries, the example is India and Pakistan, both of them shares twain or more than rivers the India have advantage because he uses upstream water and the left-hand(a) is for Pakistans use. But they are non satisfied with all this, and try to expire more and more by agreements and table talks. Some times it seems that they both are ready to fight for water, this type of situation is dangerous for the economy of both countries.(Hinrichsen & Tacio, 2001) Water is a strategic resource in the populace and an important particle in some(prenominal) political conflicts. Some have predicted that clean water give become the next oil, making Canada, with this resource in abundance, possibly the richest country in the world. The Middle East region has only 1 percent of the worlds available fresh water, which is divided among 5 percent of the worlds population. Thus, in this region, water is an important strategic resource. By 2025, it is predicted that the countries of the Arabian Peninsula will be using more than double the essence of water naturally available to them.Jordan, for example, has runty water, and dams in other countries have reduced its available water sources over the years. other(a) dispute on water is on river Gangus between India and Bangladesh. India controls the turn tail to Bangladesh. The deuce countries have now signed an agreement to use the water of Gangus River of all timey bit to prevent further conflicts in future. (Water Politics, 2008) As shortage of water increases by time to time, umpteen countries of the world try to prevent this shortage by making laws and strategies for efficient use of water in house holds and industrial sectors.They attempt to make water reservoirs like dams and barrages to control the flow of water down stream and to fully utilize the river water and make it legitimate that non a single drop of water wastes. Dams are emerged as the major step which different governments take to overcome the crisis of water. There are at least 40,000 dams that are built to date in the world. (Hinrichsen & Tacio, 2001) Among these countries, India is the one, who progressively rely on Dams to meet its water needs.The shortage of water may arises political conflicts among countries, the example is India and Pakistan, both of them uses 2 or more than 2 rivers the India have advantage of having the upstream water of all the major rivers which flow towards Pakistan. Thus there is a high probability of emergence of any new-made conflict over fresh water between these two countries. There are some other countries which have very little amount of fresh water within their boundaries, so they must use alternate musical mode to get fresh water. They must resort to the transmutation of sea water into fresh water to fulfill their needs, not to attend land locked countries.The process is known as Desalination. Without this process they are not able to support there population. The technology is very high sinew consuming and is very expensive it is beyond the reach of most misfortunate countries which facing water shortage, like some countries of Africa. (Hinrichsen & Tacio, 2001) The major use of water is in Agriculture sector, industrial sector and by ho use holds. With the increase in population, the usage requirements are rise proportionally. Increase in populations living standards, increases per capita water consumption.Increasing Agricultural and Industrial usage reflects improving in living standards. Agriculture Dominates global water use, account statement for 69 percent of all water withdrawals. Industry accounts for about 23 percent, followed by municipal consumption at 8 percent. (Hinrichsen & Tacio, 2001) In the climb up path years, population of world grows rapidly and the per capita consumption of water in climax years shrinks the worlds water resources, as a result the demand for water exceeds more than reserves to provide it. It is expected in future that a large number of countries facing water shortage due to exceeding demand of water.Water demand is also rises due to the growth of industrial usage, rising demand for household consumption and increasing use of water for irrigation to produce more food to feed ri sing population of world. Take United States of America as an example, while the reasonable American in 1900 just consume 10 cubic measuring stick of water per year for personal and household use, that figure had jumped by an fair of 200 cubic meters a year. (Hinrichsen & Tacio, 2001) Most people in develop countries get their water from a public tap, community wells, rivers, lakes and rain water collected from ponds.As most of the developing countries become urban, people get their water from city water system. As we know that cities are ever growing larger and larger, their demand for water increases with the increase in population. such growth of population puts pressure on citys water reservoirs and most of them are unable to provide or fulfill that demand due to overleap of resources. In Middle East, the amount of renewable water is declining due to increase in population. The practice of heavily subsidizing water is be Middle East governments dearly, both in terms of r evenues and efficiency.Governments in the region, hash out by water industry experts, are realizing that a fresh cost is required, one based on managing the regions scarce water resources, rather than just reacting to uncontrollable consumer demand, says Edmund OSullivan, Chairman of MEED Events. (Mideast faces fresh water crisis, By Staff Writer on Sunday, bump into 16, 2008) Due to shrinking water supply in Dubai, last month, the Dubai and Water Authority change magnitude the tariff of water and electricity. This was the first time Dubai has increased the tariff since 1998. tax increases are bound to be met with resistance, so a gradual approach may be the best way forward. Although the change will not apply to UAE nationals, the biggest consumers of water, it is a step in the right direction. Managing existing water assets better could go some way to reducing the need for new capacity, OSullivan said. (Mideast faces fresh water crisis, By Staff Writer on Sunday, March 16, 200 8) Another major cause of shrinking water supply is water pollution it becomes a major problem for all the countries of world, demonstrable countries in Europe and North America face problems due to water pollution.In numerous countries of world, especially in developing countries, lakes, rivers and streams are utilise as receptacles for an assortment of industrial wastes, including untreated and partially treated municipal sewage, industrial poisons, and dangerous chemicals that mix into surface and ground water during verdant activities. Caught between scare and polluted supply of water, and rising demand from population and industrial sector, most of developing countries are facing difficulties to provide demanded amount of fresh and clean water (Hinrichsen & Tacio, 2001).As the World Bank has warned, lack of water is seeming to be the major factor limiting stinting development in the decades to come (Serageldin, 1995). More than half of the worlds rivers are now so polluted that they pose serious health risks. One-third of Africas people already endure conditions of water scarcity, and water supplies are in jeopardy in China, India, Japan, Spain, southern France, Australia, the southwestern U. S. and many other parts of Asia and Europe. Rapidly growing populations, ever-increasing pollution, desertification and falling water tables cross a fragile, finite resource.Toxic chemicals are contaminating water, endangering the worlds most precious supplies of water. Toxic brew of pesticides, nitrogen fertilizers, industrial chemicals, and dangerous metals is fouling water eachwhere, and that the damage is often worst in the very places where people most need water. In the next 50 years, an additional 3 billion people are expected to inhabit the Earth, creating even more demand for water for drinking, irrigation, and industry. But were polluting our cheapest and most easily handy supply of water.(Sampat, 2000) Distribution of wise(p)water One major issue that is likely to have a major impact on fresh waters supply and demand in the years to come is that of distribution. Like many other natural resources, freshwaters distribution around the globe is extremely uneven. Areas inhabiting less than one third of the worlds population currently receive more than 75% of the annual rainfall. With global heating rapidly changing the environmental outlook of the globe, this natural distribution of freshwater is likely to become even more uneven.In some regions, where freshwater is available in abundance or annual rainfall is middle of the roader enough to meet the demands of the local population, lack of proper resources and infrastructure restricts adit to the freshwater supply. For instance, in South Asia, rainfall is the major source of freshwater. However, above 80 percent of the rainwater runs murder too quickly to be effectively utilized. A number of methods and processes have been developed over the years to preserve freshwater re sources and to ensure that runoff from the rainfall doesnt go wasted. Dams and desalination are the two most commonly used processes world over.It should however be noted that not all countries suffering from shortage of water supply have enough resources to properly develop or employ such methods for the preservation of freshwater supply. Freshwater Resources The Microeconomic view From a microeconomic perspective, the cost of freshwater is likely to increase aggressively as soon as the planet starts running out of resources. celestial latitude in quality of available freshwater resources such as river or lakes, change in rainfall trends and drying up of glaciers are some of the many factors that will eventually lead to a decline in the supply of freshwater in different parts of the world.Demand, on the other hand, will continue to increase as a result of an increase in population, lifestyle changes and improvement in quality of life in developing economies. The result will be a prowl in the supply curve. In simple terms the price for freshwater will off up in the long run. There will be awful economic as well as sociopolitical consequences of such a shift in the supply curve. Economies suffering from freshwater shortages are already facing challenges that directly impact their economic performance and social progress.The only way out of this disaster is broad and extensive collaborative initiatives by the world nations to ensure the fresh water supply in the future. There should be immediate measures to be interpreted to sort out and cope with the problem of pollution of fresh water resources, because it is the most fatal blow on our already shrinking resources. Comprehensive awareness programs should be launched in every part of the world on local community bases so that the individuals become aware of the danger they are about to face in the near future and be prepared for it.Deliberate misuse of water should be considered a crime and extensive punit ive measures should be taken in order to curb deliberate misuse and pollution of water supplies and resources. The overall condition of fresh water supply gives a clear trace that in the near future the fresh water supply will not only will be reduced but it will also become costly and the consequences will be very savage and brutal for poor people who are already deprived off clean water supply may be completely left without water supply in the future.If immediate measures are not taken there is a very high probability that fresh water will become a luxury of the elite only and the commoners will have to survive without it if they can survive.ReferencesHirichsen, Don & Tacio, Henrylito, (2001) The Coming Fresh Water Crisis is Already Here, Wilson Center, Retrieved on 17th March 2008 http//www. wilsoncenter. org/topics/pubs/popwawa2. pdf Middle East Faces Fresh Water Crisis, (2008) Emirates Business 24/7, Retrieved on eighteenth March 2008 http//www. business247. ae/cs/article_sh ow_mainh1_story. aspx? HeadlineID=3929Sampat Payal, (2000) The Hidden Freshwater Crisis, World Watch Institute Retrieved on 18th March 2008. http//www. worldwatch. org/node/1684 Water Politics, (2008) Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 17th March 2008 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Water_politicsWater_as_a_critical_resource Saijel Kishan and Madelene Pearson, Bloomberg News Published Monday, July 03 2006 http//www. canada. com/edmontonjournal/news/business/story. html? id=60e8a4c1-b733-4f96-a85c-d723c1f4e221&k=50181 http//www. business24-7. ae/cs/article_show_mainh1_story. aspx? HeadlineID=3929